AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 是一門挑戰性高的課程，適合未來想主修工程、物理或其他 STEM 領域的人。
這門課以微積分為基礎，目的是為大學物理課程奠定扎實的基礎。在這篇文章裡，我們會介紹課程的結構與內容、考試形式，以及如何做好萬全準備。
課程概覽
AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 涵蓋以下六個單元：
| 單元 | 比重 |
|---|---|
| 電荷、電場與高斯定律 | 15–25% |
| 電位 | 10–20% |
| 導體與電容 | 10–15% |
| 電路 | 15–25% |
| 磁場與電磁學 | 10–20% |
| 電磁感應 | 10–20% |
詳細內容：
- Electric Charges, Fields, and Gauss’s Law 電荷、電場與高斯定律 (15–25%)
- 電荷與靜電力
- 電荷守恆與帶電方式
- 電場
- 各種電荷分布的電場
- 電通量
- 高斯定律
- Electric Potential 電位 (10–20%)
- 電位能
- 電位
- 能量守恆
- Conductors and Capacitors 導體與電容 (10–15%)
- 導體與靜電學
- 導體的電荷分佈
- 電容 (Capacitors)
- 介電質 (Dielectrics)
- Electric Circuits 電路 (15–25%)
- 電流
- 基本電路
- 電阻、電阻率 (Resistivity) 與歐姆定律
- 電功率
- 直流複合電路 (Compound Direct Current Circuits)
- 克希荷夫迴路定律 (Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule)
- 克希荷夫節點定律 (Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule)
- RC 電路
- Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetism 磁場與電磁學 (10–20%)
- 磁場
- 磁性與移動中的電荷
- 載流導線的磁場與 Biot-Savart 定律
- 安培定律 (Ampère’s Law)
- Electromagnetic Induction 電磁感應 (10–20%)
- 磁通量
- 電磁感應
- 感應電流與磁力
- 電感
- 有電阻與電感（LR ）的電路
- 有電容與電感（LC ）的電路
考試形式
AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 考試分為兩部分，每部分各占總分的 50%：
| 部分 | 題型 | 題目數量 | 加權 | 時間 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 多選題 | 40 | 50% | 80 分鐘 |
| II | 自由作答題 | 4 | 50% | 100 分鐘 |
如何準備 AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism
強化微積分基礎
AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 的許多概念需要使用到微積分，比如透過 differential equations 分析 RC 電路。
理解物理原則
理解庫侖定律、高斯定律、歐姆定律、Kirchhoff’s Rules、Biot-Savart 定律、安培定律、法拉第電磁感應定律、Lenz’s Law 等核心概念。
規律練習解題
完成各種類型的習題，特別是自由作答題，能幫助你增強分析與解決複雜問題的能力。
強化實驗能力
實驗對物理學至關重要，如果你有實際操作的經驗，許多題目將會更得心應手。
利用學習資源
使用可信的學習資源能幫助你更高效地學習，比如使用 AP Physics C 參考書（如 Princeton Review 或 Barron’s）和網路資源（如 Khan Academy）。
進行模擬測驗
模擬考試能讓你熟悉考試格式並提高時間管理能力。
參加家教或補習班課程
跟著有經驗的人學習、練習，能夠少走許多彎路，也能對時間進行更有效率的分配。
AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 是一門具有挑戰性的課程，如果你選了這門課，代表你有很大的野心，也代表你對於自己的未來有一定程度的規劃。雖然有挑戰性，但只要透過有效的準備與規律的練習，取得高分就不會太難。希望這篇文章能幫助你更了解這一門課程，也能帶給你更多信心！
考試時我應該…
- 管理做題時間：合理分配作答時間，千萬不要在一個題目上卡太久。
- 展示計算過程：(針對 FRQ) 清楚解釋每一個步驟，並保留所有過程，避免太多跳躍性思考。
- 使用正確單位：只要是有單位的物理量，就一定要寫單位！
- 保持冷靜：穩定步調，遇到難題時不要慌張，如果你覺得很難，那對別人來說也一樣。
AP 考試日期與時間
Week 1
| Date | Morning (8 a.m. Local Time) | Afternoon (12 p.m. Local Time) |
|---|---|---|
| Monday, May 5, 2025 | Biology Latin | European History Microeconomics |
| Tuesday, May 6, 2025 | Chemistry Human Geography | United States Government and Politics |
| Wednesday, May 7, 2025 | English Literature and Composition | Comparative Government and Politics Computer Science A |
| Thursday, May 8, 2025 | African American Studies Statistics | Japanese Language and Culture World History: Modern |
| Friday, May 9, 2025 | Italian Language and Culture United States History | Chinese Language and Culture Macroeconomics |
Note: Art and Design submissions are due by 8 p.m. ET on Friday, May 9, 2025.
Week 2
| Date | Morning (8 a.m. Local Time) | Afternoon (12 p.m. Local Time) |
|---|---|---|
| Monday, May 12, 2025 | Calculus AB Calculus BC | Music Theory Seminar |
| Tuesday, May 13, 2025 | French Language and Culture Precalculus | Environmental Science Physics 2: Algebra-Based |
| Wednesday, May 14, 2025 | English Language and Composition German Language and Culture | Physics C: Mechanics |
| Thursday, May 15, 2025 | Art History Spanish Language and Culture | Computer Science Principles Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism |
| Friday, May 16, 2025 | Physics 1: Algebra-Based Spanish Literature and Culture | Psychology |
範例題
1. A rectangular loop of wire lies in the xy-plane in a region with a uniform magnetic field B directed in the −z-direction, as shown. In which of the following cases will an emf be induced in the loop?
- When the loop is moving without rotating in the +y-direction
- When the loop is moving without rotating in the +z-direction
- When the loop is rotating about an axis along the z-axis
- When the loop is rotating about an axis along the y-axis
2. A cylindrical wire segment with length 0.25 m and diameter 3.0×10−3 m dissipates energy at a rate of 6.0×10−4 W when a current of 0.50 A is in the wire segment. Which of the following is approximately equal to the resistivity of the wire?
- 6.8×10−8 Ω·m
- 9.0×10−5 Ω·m
- 7.5×10−3 Ω·m
- 840 Ω·m
3. Two small spheres, each with positive charge +Q, are fixed in place at two corners of an equilateral triangle, as shown in the figure. Point A is at the other corner, and Point B is midway between the spheres. A test charge with positive charge +q is moved from Point A to Point B at a constant velocity by an external force. The work done by the external force on the moving particle is Wext, and the work done by the electrostatic forces from the spheres on the moving particle is Welec. Which of the following correctly identifies the signs of these quantities?
- Wext : positive ; Welec : positive
- Wext : positive ; Welec : negative
- Wext : negative ; Welec : positive
- Wext : negative ; Welec : negative
